References - Mama Natural Week-By-Week Guide to Pregnancy & Childbirth

Here are references for the Mama Natural Week-By-Week Guide to Pregnancy & Childbirth, organized by chapter.

INTRODUCTION

Almendraia, Anna. U.S. C-Section Rate is Double What WHO Recommends. Huffington Post. April 14, 2015.

American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology. Study Finds Adverse Effects of Pitocin in Newborns. May 7, 2013.

American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA). “Most healthy women would benefit from light meal during labor.” ScienceDaily, 25 October 2015. .

Black M, Bhattacharya S, Philip S, et al. Planned Cesarean Delivery at Term and Adverse Outcomes in Childhood Health. JAMA. 2015;314(21):2271-2279. doi:10.1001/jama.2015.16176.

Blustein Jan, Liu Jianmeng. Time to consider the risks of caesarean delivery for long term child health BMJ 2015; 350 :h2410.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, Births: Method of Delivery

Cheng YW, Shaffer BL, Nicholson JM, Caughey AB. Second stage of labor and epidural use: a larger effect than previously suggested. Obstet Gynecol. 2014 Mar;123(3):527-35. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000000134.

Chestnut, D. H., Polley, L. S., Wong, C.A., and Tsen, L. C. (2009). Chestnut’s Obstetric Anesthesia: Principles and Practice. Elsevier. ISBN 0323076548.

Dekker, Rebecca. Evidence Confirms Birth Centers Provide Top-Notch Care. American Association of Birth Centers. January 31, 2013.

Joseph DeLee’s 1915 Campaign to Eliminate the Midwife. The Unnecesarean. December 9, 2009.

Laura Helmuth, “The Disturbing, Shameful History of Childbirth Deaths,” Slate, September 10, 2013.

Leavitt, JW: Joseph B. DeLee and the practice of preventive obstetrics. (Public Health Then & Now) Am J Public Health 1988; 78:1353-1360.

Martin J. Blaser, “The Way You’re Born Can Mess with the Microbes You Need to Survive,” Wired, April, 3, 2014.

Mueller NT, Bakacs E, Combellick J, Grigoryan Z, Dominguez-Bello MG. The infant microbiome development: mom matters. Trends in molecular medicine. 2015;21(2):109-117. doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2014.12.002.

Park, Alice. Connection between dirty diapers, childhood health. CNN. February 14, 2013.

Renz-Polster H, David MR, Buist AS, Vollmer WM, et al. Cesarean section delivery and the risk of allergic disorders in childhood. Clin Exp Allergy. 2005 Nov;35(11):1466-72.

Roni Caryn Rabin, “In Labor, a Snack or a Sip?”, New York Times, January 25, 2010.

Rochman, Bonnie. Midwives Say Birthing Centers Could Cut C-Section Rates and Save Billions. Time. January 31, 2013.

“Society Reports”. Medical Record. 88: 1111. December 25, 1915.

WEEK 1

Aniket D. Kulkarni, M.B., B.S., M.P.H., Denise J. Jamieson, M.D., M.P.H., Howard W. Jones, Jr., M.D., Dmitry M. Kissin, M.D., M.P.H., Maria F. Gallo, Ph.D., Maurizio Macaluso, M.D., Dr.P.H., and Eli Y. Adashi, M.D.; Fertility Treatments and Multiple Births in the United States. N Engl J Med 2013; 369:2218-2225.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Vital Statistics Report, Births: Final Data for 2013, January, 15, 2015.

J.E. Chavarro, J.W. Rich-Edwards, B. Rosner, W.C. Willett; A prospective study of dairy foods intake and anovulatory infertility. Hum Reprod 2007; 22 (5): 1340-1347. doi: 10.1093/humrep/dem019.

“Pregnancy testing: 1,000 women’s trials and triumphs,” Baby Center, November 2014

Y.H. Chiu, M.C. Afeiche, A.J. Gaskins, P.L. Williams, J.C. Petrozza, C. Tanrikut, R. Hauser, J.E. Chavarro; Fruit and vegetable intake and their pesticide residues in relation to semen quality among men from a fertility clinic. Hum Reprod 2015; 30 (6): 1342-1351. doi: 10.1093/humrep/dev064.

WEEK 2

Bouchard MF, Chevrier J, Harley KG, Kogut K, Vedar M, Claderon N, Trujilio C, Bradman A, Barr DB, Eskenazi B. Prenatal exposure to organophosphate pesticides and IQ in 7-year-old children. Environ Health Perspect. 2011 Aug;119(8):1189-95. doi: 10.1289/ehp.1003185. Epub 2011 Apr 21.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, CDC Grand Rounds: Additional Opportunities to Prevent Neural Tube Defects with Folic Acid Fortification, August 13, 2010.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, More than 3 Million US women at risk for alcohol-exposed pregnancy, February 2, 2016.

Fallon, Sally and Mary G. Engl, “Vitamin A Saga,” Weston A. Price Foundation, March 30, 2002.

Herdt-Losavio ML, Lin S, Chapman BR, Hooiveld M, Olshan A, Liu X, et al. 2010. Maternal occupation and the risk of birth defects: an overview from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study. Occupational and Environmental Medicine 67(1): 58-66.

Liew Z, Ritz B, Rebordosa C, Lee P, Olsen J. Acetaminophen Use During Pregnancy, Behavioral Problems, and Hyperkinetic Disorders. JAMA Pediatr. 2014;168(4):313-320. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2013.4914.

Potera C. INDOOR AIR QUALITY: Scented Products Emit a Bouquet of VOCs. Environmental Health Perspectives. 2011;119(1):A16.

Ragnhild Eek Brandlistuen, Eivind Ystrom, Irena Nulman, Gideon Koren, Hedvig Nordeng; Prenatal paracetamol exposure and child neurodevelopment: a sibling-controlled cohort study. Int J Epidemiol 2013; 42 (6): 1702-1713. doi: 10.1093/ije/dyt183

Rauth V, Perera F, Horton M, Whyatt R, Bansal R, Hao X, Liu J, Barr D, Slotkin T, Peterson B. Brain abnormalities in children exposed prenatally to a common organophosphate pesticide. PNAS: 2012; 109(20): 7871-7876. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1203396109.

Rothman K, Moore L, Singer, M, Nguyen U, Mannino S, Milunsky A. Teratogenicity of High Vitamin A Intake. N Engl J Med 1995; 333:1369-1373.

U.S. Food and Drug Administration, “Update on Bisphenol A for Use in Food Contact Applications, January 2010.

Watts, Sarah. “Is Folic Acid Poison to Pregnant Women?” Daily Beast. May 3, 2015.

Winchester PD, Huskins J, Ying J. Agrichemicals in surface water and birth defects in the United States. Acta Paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992). 2009;98(4):664-669. doi:10.1111/j.1651-2227.2008.01207.x.

WEEK 3

Facchinetti F, Fazzio M, Venturini P. Polyunsaturated fatty acids and risk of preterm delivery. European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Studies. 2005; 9: 41-48.

Fallon, Sally and Mary G. Engl, “Vitamin A Saga,” Weston A. Price Foundation, March 30, 2002.

Jorge A. Carvajal, “Docosahexaenoic Acid Supplementation Early in Pregnancy May Prevent Deep Placentation Disorders,” BioMed Research International, vol. 2014, Article ID 526895, 10 pages, 2014. doi:10.1155/2014/526895

Rothman K, Moore L, Singer, M, Nguyen U, Mannino S, Milunsky A. Teratogenicity of High Vitamin A Intake. N Engl J Med 1995; 333:1369-1373.

S. E. Carlson, J. Colombo, B. J. Gajewski et al., “DHA supplementation and pregnancy outcomes,” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, vol. 97, no. 4, pp. 808–815, 2013.

U. Ramakrishnan, A. D. Stein, S. Parra-Cabrera et al., “Effects of docosahexaenoic acid supplementation during pregnancy on gestational age and size at birth: randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in Mexico,” Food and Nutrition Bulletin, vol. 31, supplement 2, pp. S108–S116, 2010.

WEEK 4

American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Exercise During Pregnancy. May 2016.

American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Physical Activity and Exercise During Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period. December 2015.

Couture, Ernest. The Canadian Mother and Child. Department of National Health and Welfare, 1947.

Did You Know? Cautioning Against Bed Rest and Why. American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. November 2016.

Exercise during pregnancy gives newborn brain development a head start. UDEM Nouvelles. November 11, 2013.

Friedman, Jennifer D’Angelo. Experts Call for Bed Rest to Be ‘Discontinued.’ Fit Pregnancy.

Hodge, Jarrah. Vintage Pregnancy Advice from the Canadian Government. Gender Focus. March 15, 2013.

Jefferis, B. G., and J. L. Nichols. Searchlights on Health: The Science of Eugenics. J. L. Nichols & Company, 1920.

Labonte-Lemoyne E, Curnier D, Ellemberg D. Foetal brain development is influenced by maternal exercise during pregnancy. November 10, 2013.

Land, Brenda. Using Vitamin C to Neutralize Chlorine in Water Systems. United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. April 2005.

Saint Louis University. “It’s Safe For Obese Moms-to-be To Lose Weight During Pregnancy, New Research Finds.” ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 6 June 2007.

Szymanski LM, Satin AJ. Strenuous Exercise During Pregnancy: Is There a Limit? American journal of obstetrics and gynecology. 2012;207(3):179.e1-179.e6. doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2012.07.021.

Thangaratinam S, Rogozińska E, Jolly K, Glinkowski S, Roseboom T, Tomlinson J W et al. Effects of interventions in pregnancy on maternal weight and obstetric outcomes: meta-analysis of randomised evidence BMJ 2012; 344 :e2088

WEEK 5

American College of Nurse-Midwives. Position statement: hydrotherapy during labor and birth.

American College of Nurse-Midwives. Water Birth. November 2016.

American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Committee opinion no. 594. Immersion in water during labor and delivery. Published April 2014. Accessed February 25, 2016.

Benatar S, Garrett AB, Howell E, Palmer A. Midwifery Care at a Freestanding Birth Center: A Safe and Effective Alternative to Conventional Maternity Care. Health Services Research. 2013;48(5):1750-1768. doi:10.1111/1475-6773.12061.

Bovbjerg, M. L., Cheyney, M. and Everson, C. (2016), Maternal and Newborn Outcomes Following Waterbirth: The Midwives Alliance of North America Statistics Project, 2004 to 2009 Cohort. Journal of Midwifery & Women’s Health, 61: 11–20. doi:10.1111/jmwh.12394

Campbell, Denis. More women should give birth at home, advice suggests. The Guardian. May 12, 2004.

Cheyney, M., Bovbjerg, M., Everson, C., Gordon, W., Hannibal, D. and Vedam, S. (2014), Outcomes of Care for 16,924 Planned Home Births in the United States: The Midwives Alliance of North America Statistics Project, 2004 to 2009. Journal of Midwifery & Women’s Health, 59: 17–27. doi:10.1111/jmwh.12172

Dekker, Rebecca. Evidence Confirms Birth Centers Provide Top-Notch Care. American Association of Birth Centers. January 31, 2013.

Hsia RY, Akosa Antwi Y, Weber E Analysis of variation in charges and prices paid for vaginal and caesarean section births: a cross-sectional study BMJ Open 2014;4:e004017. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2013-004017

Johnson, Avery. Giving Birth for Less. The Wall Street Journal. July 22, 2012.

Rochman, Bonnie. Midwives Say Birthing Centers Could Cut C-Section Rates and Save Billions. Time. January 31, 2013.

Rosenthal, Elisabeth. American Way of Birth, Costliest in the World. New York Times. June 30, 2013.

Stapleton, S. R., Osborne, C. and Illuzzi, J. (2013), Outcomes of Care in Birth Centers: Demonstration of a Durable Model. Journal of Midwifery & Women’s Health, 58: 3–14. doi:10.1111/jmwh.12003

Snowden JM, Tilden EM, Snyder J, et al. Planned Out-of-Hospital Birth and Birth Outcomes. N Engl J Med 2015; 373:2642-2653December 31, 2015DOI: 10.1056/NEJMsa1501738.

Thoeni A, Zech N, Moroder L, Ploner F. Review of 1600 water births. Does water birth increase the risk of neonatal infection? The Journal Of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine Vol. 17 , Iss. 5,2005.

WEEK 7

Bergsson G, Steingrimsson O, Thormar H. Bactericidal effects of fatty acids and monoglycerides on Helicobacter pylori. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2002 Oct;20(4):258-62.

Davis, Epp, Riordan J. Changes in USDA Food Composition Data for 43 Garden Crops, 1950 to 1999. J Am Coll Nutr 2004; 23:669-682

Flaxman, S.M. and P.W. Sherman 2000. Morning sickness: A mechanism for protecting mother and embryo. Quarterly Review of Biology 75:1-36.

Morning sickness is Mother Nature’s way of protecting mothers and their unborn, Cornell biologists find. Cornell Chronicle. May 31, 2000.

Schiff MA, Reed SD, Daling JR. The sex ratio of pregnancies complicated by hospitalisation for hyperemesis gravidarum. BJOG. 2004 Jan;111(1):27-30.

Shaban MM, Hisham OK, Elshafei A. Helicobacter Pylori Seroposivity in Patients with Hyperemesis Gravidarum. The American Journal of the Medical Sciences , Volume 347 , Issue 2 , 101 – 105.

WEEK 8

Demicheli V, Jefferson T, Al-Ansary LA, Ferroni E, Rivetti A, Di Pietrantonj C. Vac for preventing influenza in healthy adults. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2014, Issue 3. Art. No.: CD001269. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD001269.pub5

WEEK 9

Avoid Fetal “Keepsake” Images, Heartbeat Monitors. U. S. Food & Drug Administration. December 16, 2014.

Bricker L, Medley N, Pratt JJ. Routine ultrasound in late pregnancy (after 24 weeks’ gestation). Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2015, Issue 6. Art. No.: CD001451. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD001451.pub4

Cellphones and health: How Canada’s precautions compare. CBC News. October 5, 2011.

Gray, Richard. Ban mobile phones and wireless networks in schools, say European leaders. Telegraph. May 14, 2011.

International Appeal: Scientists call for Protection from Non-ionizing Electromagnetic Field Exposure. EMFScientist.org. May 22, 2015.

Lean, Geoffrey. Germany warns citizens to avoid using Wi-Fi. Independent. September 8, 2007.

Li D, Chen H, Odouli R. Maternal Exposure to Magnetic Fields During Pregnancy in Relation to the Risk of Asthma in Offspring. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2011;165(10):945-950. doi:10.1001/archpediatrics.2011.135

Li DK, Odouli R, Wi S, Janevic T, et al. A population-based prospective cohort study of personal exposure to magnetic fields during pregnancy and the risk of miscarriage. Epidemiology. 2002 Jan;13(1):9-20.

Little SE, Edlow AG, Thomas AM, Smith NA. Estimated fetal weight by ultrasound: a modifiable risk factor for cesarean delivery? Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2012 Oct;207(4):309.e1-6. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2012.06.065. Epub 2012 Jul 9.

Do We Need to Restrict the Use of Doppler Ultrasound in the First Trimester of Pregnancy? World Federation for Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology

McCoubrey, Carmel. Alice Stewart, 95; Linked X-Rays to Diseases. New York Times. July 4, 2002.

Power Lines, Electrical Devices and Extremely Low Frequency Radiation. American Cancer Society. April 11, 2014.

Safety of cell phones and cell phone towers. Health Canada.

What are electromagnetic fields? World Health Organization.

Yang MB, Rao S, Copenhagen DR, Lang RA. Length of Day during Early Gestation as a Predictor of Risk for Severe Retinopathy of Prematurity. Ophthalmology. 2013;120(12):2706-2713. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2013.07.051.

WEEK 10

Barnes, Robert and Brigid Schulte. Justices revise case claiming UPS discriminated against pregnant worker. Washington Post. March 25, 2015.

DOL Factsheet: Paid Family and Medical Leave. United States Department of Labor. June 2015.

Grajewski B, Whelan EA, Lawson CC, et al. Miscarriage Among Flight Attendants. Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass). 2015;26(2):192-203. doi:10.1097/EDE.0000000000000225.

McNeal, Stephanie. This Couple Totally Shocked Her Father With This Adorable Pregnancy Announcement. BuzzFeed. November 19, 2015.

O’Neill, Ann W. Actress Fired Over Pregnancy Wins $5 Million. Los Angeles Times. December 23, 1997.

WEEK 11

Shira Davenport E. Preterm low birthweight and the role of oral bacteria. Journal of Oral Microbiology. 2010;2:10.3402/jom.v2i0.5779. doi:10.3402/jom.v2i0.5779.

Vinciguerra, Thomas. “A Bundle of Joy Isn’t Enough?” New York Times. December 6, 2007.

WEEK 12

Bird flu can cross the placenta in pregnant women. BMJ : British Medical Journal. 2007;335(7622):693. doi:10.1136/bmj.335.7622.693-a.

Digitale, Erin. Immune response turned up high by flu during pregnancy, Stanford/Packard study finds. Stanford Medicine News Center. September 22, 2014.

Josling, P. Preventing the common cold with a garlic supplement: a double-blind, placebo-controlled survey. Adv Ther. 2001 Jul-Aug;18(4):189-93.

Mason-Draffen, Carrie. “A Rare Condition That’s Hard to Swallow.” Los Angeles Times. November 25, 1993.

Reals, Tucker. Preventing the Common Cold, and a Cure Looming? CBS News. December 27, 2011.

Zerbo O, Iosif AM, Walker C, Ozonoff S, Hansen RL, Hertz-Picciotto I. Is maternal influenza or fever during pregnancy associated with autism or developmental delays? Results from the CHARGE (Childhood Autism Risks from Genetics and Environment) study. J Autism Dev Disord. 2013 Jan;43(1):25-33. doi: 10.1007/s10803-012-1540-x.

WEEK 13

Alleyne, Richard. Women’s brains grow after giving birth. The Telegraph. October 20, 2010.

Clark, Laura. ‘Baby brain’ is a myth – women’s intelligence increase during motherhood, claims study. The Daily Mail. February 8, 2009.

DeAngelis, Tori. Priming for a new role. American Psychological Association. 2008, Vol 39, No. 8.

Hepper PG, Wells DL, Lynch C. Prenatal thumb sucking is relates to postnatal handedness. Neuropsychologia. 2005;43(3):313-5.

Jarrett, Christian. Pregnancy Doesn’t Actually Make Women Dumber. New York Magazine. October 28, 2014.

Kinsley, Criag and Adam Franssen. The Pregnancy Brain as a Revving Race Car. Scientific American. January 19, 2010.

LeFrance, Adrienne. What Happens to a Woman’s Brain When She Becomes a Mother. The Atlantic. January 8, 2015.

Parsons M, Simpson M, Ponton T. Raspberry leaf and its effects on labour: safety and efficacy. Aust Coll Midwives Inc J. 1999 Sep;12(3):20-5.

The Real ‘Mommy Brain’: New Mothers Grew Bigger Brains Within Months of Giving Birth. American Psychological Association. October 20, 2010.

Ward, Victoria. ‘Baby brain’ is a myth as having a baby turns women into better works, study claims. The Telegraph. January 8, 2016.

WEEK 16

Gruber KJ, Cupito SH, Dobson CF. Impact of Doulas on Healthy Birth Outcomes. The Journal of Perinatal Education. 2013;22(1):49-58. doi:10.1891/1058-1243.22.1.49.

Hodnett ED, Gates S, Hofmeyr G, Sakala C. Continuous support for women during childbirth. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2013, Issue 7. Art. No.: CD003766. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD00 3766.pub5

Hofmeyr, G. J., V. C. Nikodem, et al. “Companionship to modify the clinical birth environment: effects on progress and perceptions of labour, and breastfeeding.” British journal of obstetrics and gynaecology 98(8): 756-764.

López-Teijón M, García-Faura A, Prats-Galino A. Fetal facial expression in response to intravaginal music emission. Ultrasound November 2015 vol. 23 no. 4 216-223.

Safe prevention of the primary cesarean delivery. Obstetric Care Consensus No. 1. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Obstet Gynecol 2014;123:693–711.

WEEK 18

American Pregnancy Association. Chiropractic Care During Pregnancy. September 2, 2016.

Crow, Aaron. Disposable vs. Reusable Diapers: How to Save. AOL.com. February 8, 2011.

Greenhalgh, Jane. To Reduce Infant Deaths, Doctors Call For A Ban of Crib Bumpers. NPR. November 25, 2015.

Paul, Pamela. “Diapers Go Green.” Time. January 10, 2008.

Rosen, Melanie Rosen. Get bumpers out of cribs, doctor group urges. CNN. October 18, 2011.

WEEK 19

Reading ‘can help reduce stress.’ Telegraph. March 30, 2009.

Study: Tart cherry juice increases sleep time in adults with insomnia. EurekAlert. April 28, 2014.

Tsai S, Lin J, Wu W, Lee C, Lee P. Sleep Disturbances and Symptoms of Depression and Daytime Sleepiness in Pregnant Women. Birth; (43)2: 1523-1536.

WEEK 20

Castleman, Michael. Want to Prevent Colds? Have Sex Weekly. Psychology Today. June 1, 2009.

Kranjcec B, Papes D, Altarac S. D-mannose powder for prophylaxis of recurrent urinary tract infections in women: a randomized clinical trial. World J Urol. 2014 Feb;32(1):79-84. doi: 10.1007/s00345-013-1091-6. Epub 2013 Apr 30.

Sisti G, Flavia S, Massimiliano F. Inherent dangers in orogenital sex during pregnancy. J Basic Clin Reprod Sci 2013;2:3-5.

WEEK 21

Downe S, Finlayson K, Melvin C, et al. Self-hypnosis for intrapartum pain management in pregnant nulliparous women: a randomised controlled trial of clinical effectiveness. Bjog. 2015;122(9):1226-1234. doi:10.1111/1471-0528.13433.

WEEK 22

Arnison, Erin. Why fertility is far from finished at 40. Telegraph. May 18, 2014.

David B. Dunson, Bernardo Colombo, Donna D. Baird; Changes with age in the level and duration of fertility in the menstrual cycle. Hum Reprod 2002; 17 (5): 1399-1403. doi: 10.1093/humrep/17.5.1399

Gordon D, Milberg J, Hickok D. Advanced maternal age as a risk factor for cesarean delivery. Obstet Gynecol. 1991 Apr;77(4):493-7.

Mathews TJ, Hamilton BE. First births to older women continue to rise. NCHS data brief, no 152. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics. 2014.

Peipert JF, Bracken MB. Maternal age: an independent risk factor for cesarean delivery. Obstet Gynecol. 1993 Feb;81(2):200-5.

Saari-Kemppainen, A., et al. (1990). “Ultrasound Screening and Perinatal Mortality: Controlled Trial of Systematic One-Stage Screening in Pregnancy. The Helsinki Ultrasound Trial,” Lancet 336(8712): 387-89.

Study Suggests Women 35 and Older are at Decreased Risk of Having Anatomically Abnormal Child. SMFM Newsroom. January 28, 2014.

Sun, Lena. Older moms may have genes for longevity. Washington Post. June 25, 2014.

Twenge, Jean. How Long Can you Wait to Have a Baby. The Atlantic. July/August 2013 issue.

WEEK 25

Anderson M, Rutherford MD. Evidence of a nesting psychology during human pregnancy. Evolution and Human Behavior , Volume 34 , Issue 6 , 390 – 397.

DiGiulio, Sarah. Pediatricians Say Infants Should Sleep in Parents’ Room For First Year. Huffington Post. October 26, 2010.

Eve R. Colson, MD1; Marian Willinger, PhD2; Denis Rybin, MS3; et al. Trends and Factors Associated With Infant Bed Sharing, 1993-2010. JAMA Pediatr. 2013;167(11):1032-1037. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2013.2560.

Following an Additional Child Fatality, IKEA Recalls 29 Million MALM and Other Models of Chests and Dressers Due to Serious Tip-Over Hazard; Consumers Urged to Anchor Chests and Dressers or Return. IKEA. November 4, 2016.

Guha N, Merletti F, Steenland NK, Altieri A, Cogliano V, Straif K. Lung Cancer Risk in Painters: A Meta-Analysis. Environmental Health Perspectives. 2010;118(3):303-312. doi:10.1289/ehp.0901402.

Howes D. Hiccups: A new explanation for the mysterious reflex. Bioessays. 2012;34(6):451-453. doi:10.1002/bies.201100194.

McKenna, James J. Cosleeping and Biological Imperatives: Why Human Babies Do Not and Should Not Sleep Alone. Neuroanthropology. December 21, 2008.

Study Finds Bed Sharing Among Parents & Infants on the Rise. Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. January 13, 2003.

The Tipping Point: Highest Number of TV and Furniture Tip-Over Deaths Recorded by CPSC in 2011. United States Consumer Product Safety Commission. December 13, 2012.

Toxic heavy metals found in children’s products on the Chinese market. Greenpeace East Asia. December 7, 2011.

WEEK 26

American Pregnancy Association. VBAC: Vaginal Birth After Cesarean. August 2015.

ACOG practice bulletin. Vaginal birth after previous cesarean delivery. Number 2, October 1998. Clinical management guidelines for obstetrician-gynecologists. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 1999 Feb;64(2):201-8.

Boundless. “Development of the Respiratory System.” Boundless Anatomy and Physiology Boundless, 04 Nov. 2016. Retrieved 10 Feb. 2017 from

Confusing fact: Only 6 percent of uterine ruptures are catastrophic. VBACfacts.com. April 3, 2012.

Dobbs, David. VBAC Backlash. Slate. December 28, 2004.

Flamm, BL. Vaginal birth after cesarean (VBAC). Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2001 Feb;15(1):81-92.

Guise J-M, Eden K, Emeis C, Denman MA, Marshall N, Fu R, Janik R, Nygren P, Walker M, McDonagh M. Vaginal Birth After Cesarean: New Insights. Evidence Report/Technology Assessment No.191. (Prepared by the Oregon Health & Science University Evidence-based Practice Center under Contract No. 290-2007-10057-I). AHRQ Publication No. 10-E003. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. March 2010.

Kamel, Jen. Too Bad We Can’t Just “Ban” Accreta-The Downstream Consequences of VBAC Bans. Science & Sensibility. April 2, 2015.

Levine EM, Ghai V, Barton JJ, Strom CM. Mode of delivery and risk of respiratory diseases in newborns. Obstet Gynecol 2001;97(3):439-42.

Long, Tony. Jan. 14, 1794: First Successful Cesarean in U.S. Wired. January 14, 2011

Medicine: Woman’s Ills. Time. June 18, 1951.

Neff, Matthew J. ACOG Releases Guidelines for Vaginal Birth After Cesarean Delivery. Am Fam Physician. 2004 Oct 1;70(7):1397-1401.

New VBAC guidelines. ACOG Today. August 2010.

NIH Consensus Development Conference on Vaginal Birth After Cesarean: New Insights. March 8-10, 2010. Obstetrics & Gynecology:
June 2010 – Volume 115 – Issue 6 – ppg 1279-1295
doi: 10.1097/AOG.0b013e3181e459e5

Placenta accreta. Committee Opinion No. 529. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Obstet Gynecol 2012;120:207–11.

Plenda, Melanie. Once a C-section, Always a C-Section? The Atlantic. May 20, 2014.

Rinehart, Heidi. A VBAC Primer: Technical Issues for Midwives. Midwifery Today. Issue 57. Spring 2001.

Sakala EP, Kaye S, Murray RD, Munson LJ. Oxytocin use after previous cesarean: why a higher rate of failed labor trial? Obstet Gynecol. 1990 Mar;75(3 Pt 1):356-9.

Sewell, Jane Eliot. Cesarean Section: A Brief History. U.S. National Library of Medicine. April 27, 1998.

Tobah, Yvonne Butler. How many C-sections can a woman safely have? Mayo Clinic. June 25, 2015.

Vaginal birth after C-section (VBAC). Mayo Clinic. July 2, 2015.

What is a Uterine Rupture and How Often Does It Occur? VBAC.com. February 23, 2016.

WEEK 27

Kaufman T. Evolution of the Birth Plan. The Journal of Perinatal Education. 2007;16(3): 47-52. doi:10.1624/105812407X217985.

WEEK 28

Safe prevention of the primary cesarean delivery. Obstetric Care Consensus No. 1. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Obstet Gynecol 2014;123:693–711.

Searcey, Dionne and Christopher S. Stewart. Inside the Private Umbilical Cord Blood Banking Business. The Wall Street Journal. April 25, 2014.

Umbilical cord blood banking. Committee Opinion No. 648. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Obstet Gynecol 2015;126:e127–29.

WEEK 29

ACOG Issues Revision of Labor Induction Guidelines. July 21, 2009.

ACOG Refines Fetal Heart Rate Monitoring Guidelines. June 22, 2009.

Alfirevic, Z., D. Devane, et al. (2006). “Continuous cardiotocography (CTG) as a form of electronic fetal monitoring (EFM) for fetal assessment during labour.” Cochrane database of systematic reviews(3): CD006066.

American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology. Study Finds Adverse Effects of Pitocin in Newborns. May 7, 2013.

American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA). “Most healthy women would benefit from light meal during labor.” ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 25 October 2015.

Banta, D. H., and S. B. Thacker. 2001 Historical Controversy in Health Technology Assessment: The Case of Electronic Fetal Monitoring. Obstetrical Gynecological Survey 56(11):707.

Banta, H. D., and Stephen Thacker. 2002 Electronic Fetal Monitoring. Lessons from a Formative Case of Health Technology Assessment. International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 18(4):762.

Bell AF, Erickson EN, Carter CS. BEYOND LABOR: THE ROLE OF NATURAL AND SYNTHETIC OXYTOCIN IN THE TRANSITION TO MOTHERHOOD. Journal of midwifery & women’s health. 2014;59(1):35-42. doi:10.1111/jmwh.12101.

Boyle A, et al. Primary cesarean delivery in the United States. Obstet Gynecol. 2013 Jul;122(1):33-40. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0b013e3182952242.

C-section guidelines urge doctors to wait longer before surgery. CBS News. February 20, 2014.

Hon, E. H. 1973 Current Concepts of Fetal Monitoring. California Medicine 119(1):63.

Hon, E. H., and O. W. Hess. 1957 Instrumentation of Fetal Electrocardiography. Science 125(3247):553.

Laughon SK, Branch DW, Beaver J, Zhang J. Changes in labor patterns over 50 years. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology. 2012;206(5):419.e1-419.e9. doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2012.03.003.

Nutt, Amy Ellis. Banned chemical still used in hospital IVs is linked to attention deficit disorder. Washington Post. April 6, 2016.

WEEK 31

Abrahamian, Atossa Araxia. The Placenta Cookbook. New York Magazine. April 21, 2011.

Abrams, Lindsay. Why Some Mothers Choose to Eat Their Placentas. The Atlantic. March 22, 2013.

Eating Placenta: Nutrition, Tradition or Religion? No Return Ticket. April 21, 2014. .

Fetters, K. Aleisha. How Having Babies Close Together Affects Your Body. Women’s Health. June 30, 2014.

Guthrie, Patricia. Many Cultures Revere Placenta, Byproduct of Childbirth. Chicago Tribune. July 7, 1999.

King, J. The Risk of Maternal Nutritional Depletion and Poor Outcomes Increases in Early or Closely Spaced Pregnancies. J. Nutr. May 1, 2003 vol. 133 no. 5 1732S-1736S.

McCarthy, Ellen. ‘Are you going to eat that?’ When it comes to placenta, the answer is increasingly ‘yes’. Washington Post. August 5, 2014.

Wan, Julie. Some mothers see health benefits in eating their placenta after giving birth. Washington Post. April 2, 2012.

Wasley, Alice. Meet the Aussie doctor championing a new case in postnatal care. Coach. May 15, 2015.

Young, SM, Benyshek DC. In search of human placentophagy: a cross-cultural survey of human placenta consumption practices, and cultural beliefs. Ecol Food Nutr. 2010 Nov-Dec;49(6):467-84. doi: 10.1080/03670244.2010.524106.

WEEK 32

ACOG Practice Bulletin Number 145: Antepartum Fetal Surveillance, July 2014. Obstet Gynecol. 2014; 124:182–92.

Cardini F. & Weixin H. (1998). Moxibustion for correction of breech presentation: A randomized controlled trial. JAMA 280(18), 1580-1584. Free full text:

Coyle ME, Smith CA, & Peat B. 2012. Cephalic version by moxibustion for breech presentation. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2012, Issue 5. Art. No: CD003928.

Dekker, Rebecca. What is the Evidence for Using an External Cephalic Version to turn a Breech Baby? Evidence Based Birth. October 11, 2012.

Fowler, Paige. Why Docs Perform C-Sections for Babies in Breech. Fit Pregnancy.

Gardberg M, Tuppurainen M (1994). “Persitent occiput posterior presentation — a clinical problem”. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 198 (4): 117–9.

WEEK 33

Breast cancer and breastfeeding: collaborative reanalysis of individual data from 47 epidemiological studies in 30 countries, including 50302 women with breast cancer and 96973 women without the disease. Lancet. 2002 Jul 20;360(9328):187-95.

Breastfeeding fraught with early challenges for most first-time mothers. UC Davis Health. September 23, 2010.

Breastfeeding tied to fewer ear, sinus infections in children. Fox News. September 12, 2014.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Breastfeeding Report Card. 2014.

Chocolate ‘makes for happy babies.’ BBC News. April 6, 2004.

Cristian M. Dogaru, Denise Nyffenegger, Aniña M. Pescatore, Ben D. Spycher, Claudia E. Kuehni; Breastfeeding and Childhood Asthma: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Am J Epidemiol 2014; 179 (10): 1153-1167. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwu072.

Cushin AH, Samet JM, Lambert WE, et al. Breastfeeding Reduces Risk of Respiratory Illness in Infants. Am J Epidemiol Vol. 147, No. 9, 1998.

Gatti L. Maternal Perceptions of Insufficient Milk Supply in Breastfeeding. Journal of nursing scholarship : an official publication of Sigma Theta Tau International Honor Society of Nursing / Sigma Theta Tau. 2008;40(4):355-363. doi:10.1111/j.1547-5069.2008.00234.x.

Peres KG, Cascaes AM, Peres MA, Demarco FF, Santos IS, Matijasevich A, Barros AJD. Exclusive Breastfeeding and Risk of Dental Malocclusion. Pediatrics Jun 2015, peds.2014-3276; DOI: 10.1542/peds.2014-3276.

Randerson, James. Chocolate in pregnancy keeps baby happy. New Scientist. April 7, 2004.

Su D, Pasalich M, Lee AH, Binns CW. Ovarian cancer risk is reduced by prolonged lactation: a case-control study in southern China. Am J Clin Nutr January 2, 2013, doi: 10.3945/ ajcn.112.044719

Vennemann MM, Bajanowski T, Brinkmann B, Jorch G, Yücesan K, Sauerland C, Mitchell EA. Does Breastfeeding Reduce the Risk of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome? Pediatrics Mar 2009, 123 (3) e406-e410; DOI: 10.1542/peds.2008-2145.

Wagner EA, Chantry CJ, Dewey KG, Nommsen-Rivers LA. Breastfeeding Concerns at 3 and 7 Days Postpartum and Feeding Status at 2 Months. Pediatrics. September 23, 2010. 10.1542/peds.2013-0724.

WEEK 34

American College of Nurse-Midwives. Position Statement: Nitrous Oxide for Labor Analgesia. December 2009.

American Pregnancy Association. Epidural Anesthesia. August 2016.

Askins, Alice. Neither shall there be any more pain. Geneva Historical Society. September 24, 2013.

Beckmann MM, Stock OM. Antenatal perineal massage for reducing perineal trauma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013 Apr 30;(4):CD005123. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD005123.pub3.

Castle, Charles H., ed. A Weekly Journal of Medicine and Surgery. Volume CXIII. The Lancet-Clinic Publishing Company, Cincinnati. January – June 2015.

Cluett ER, Burns E. Immersion in water in labour and birth. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009 Apr 15;(2):CD000111. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD000111.pub3.

Finkbeiner, Ann. Labor Dispute. New York Times. October 31, 1999.

Leavitt, Judith Walzer. Birthing and Anesthesia: The Debate Over Twilight Sleep. Signs, Vol. 6, No. 1, Women: Sex and Sexuality, Part 2 (Autumn, 1980), pp. 147-164. The University of Chicago Press.

Perineal Massage in Pregnancy. Journal of Midwifery & Women’s Health. Volume 50, No. 1, January/February 2005. doi:10.1016/j.jmwh.2004.09.013.

Rabin, Roni Caryn. Regimens: Massage Benefits Are More Than Skin Deep. New York Times. September 10, 2010.

Rochman, Bonnie. Pregnant Women Who Control their Epidural Dosage Use Less Medication. Time. February 10, 2011.

Sanghavi, Darshak. The Mother Lode of Pain. The Boston Globe. July 23, 2006.

Seltzer, Sarah. “Twilight Sleep:” Is The Past Prologue for Today’s Debates Over Birthing Choices? Rewire. September 29, 2006.

Silva M, Halpern SH. Epidural analgesia for labor: Current techniques. Local and Regional Anesthesia. 2010;3:143-153. doi:10.2147/LRA.S10237.

Skowronski GA. Pain relief in childbirth: changing historical and feminist perspectives. Anaesth Intensive Care. 2015 Jul;43 Suppl:25-8.

St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center. “Slow breathing reduces pain.” ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 26 January 2010.

Tussey CM, Botsios E, Gerkin RD, Kelly LA, Gamez J, Mensik J. Reducing Length of Labor and Cesarean Surgery Rate Using a Peanut Ball for Women Laboring With an Epidural. The Journal of Perinatal Education. 2015;24(1):16-24. doi:10.1891/1058-1243.24.1.16.

WEEK 35

American College of Obstetricians and Gynecology. Group B Strep and Pregnancy: Frequently Asked Questions. March 2015.

Boyer, KM, Gotoff SP. Strategies for chemoprophylaxis of GBS early-onset infections. Antibiot Chemother (1971). 1985;35:267-80.

Bryant AS, Cheng YW, Caughey AB. Equality in Obstetrical Care: Racial/Ethnic Variation in Group B Streptococcus Screening. Maternal and Child Health Journal. 2011;15(8):1160-1165. doi:10.1007/s10995-010-0682-8.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. ABCs Report: group B Streptococcus, 2010. April 6, 2012.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2010 Guidelines for the Prevention of Perinatal Group B Streptococcal (GBS) Disease.

Dekker, Rebecca. Group B Strep in Pregnancy: Evidence for Antibiotics and Alternatives. Evidence Based Birth. April 9, 2013.

Johri, AK, Paoletti LC, Glaser P, et al. Group B Streptococcus: global incidence and vac development. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2006 Dec;4(12):932-42. Epub 2006 Nov 6.

McMillan, Jane Sheppard. Treating Group B Strep: Are Antibiotics Necessary? Healthy Child. October 16, 2008.

Ohlsson A, Shah VS. Intrapartum antibiotics for known maternal Group B streptococcal colonization. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2014, Issue 6. Art. No.: CD007467. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD007467.pub4

Stade B, Shah V, Ohlsson A. Vaginal chlorhexidine during labour to prevent early-onset neonatal group B streptococcal infection. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2004;(3):CD003520.

Stoll, BJ, Hansen N, Avory A, et al. Changes in Pathogens Causing Early-Onset Sepsis in Very-Low-Birth-Weight Infants. N Engl J Med 2002; 347:240-247July 25, 2002DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa012657

Van Dyke, MK, et al. Evaluation of Universal Antenatal Screening for Group B Streptococcus. N Engl J Med 2009; 360:2626-2636June 18, 2009DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa0806820.

Verani J, McGee L, Schrag S. Prevention of Perinatal Group B Streptococcal Disease: Revised Guidelines from CDC, 2010. November 19, 2010 / 59(RR10);1-32.

Zarate G, Nader-Macias ME. Influence of probiotic vaginal lactobacilli on in vitro adhesion of urogenital pathogens to vaginal epithelial cells. Lett Appl Microbiol. 2006 Aug;43(2):174-80.

WEEK 36

Al-Kuran O, Al-Mehaisen L, Bawadi H, Beitawi S, Amarin Z. The effect of late pregnancy consumption of date fruit on labour and delivery. J Obstet Gynaecol. 2011;31(1):29-31. doi: 10.3109/01443615.2010.522267.

Dixon L, Foureur M. The vaginal examination during labour. Is it of benefit or harm? New Zealand Midwives J. 2010;42:21–6.

Gunn, G. C., Mishell, D. R., Jr., & Morton, D. G. (1970). Premature rupture of the fetal membranes. A review. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 106(3), 469-483.

Lothian JA. Do Not Disturb: The Importance of Privacy in Labor. The Journal of Perinatal Education. 2004;13(3):4-6. doi:10.1624/105812404X1707.

Pintucci, A., Meregalli, V., Colombo, P., et al. (2014). Premature rupture of membranes at term in low risk women: how long should we wait in the “latent phase”? J Perinat Med, 42(2), 189-196.

Premature Rupture of Membranes at Term. Position Statement. American College of Nurse-Midwives. October 2008.

WEEK 38

Black M, Bhattacharya S, Philip S, Norman JE, McLemon DJ. Planned Cesarean Delivery at Term and Adverse Outcomes in Childhood Health. JAMA. 2015 Dec 1;314(21):2271-9. doi: 10.1001/jama.2015.16176.

Bigelow A, Power M, MacLellan-Peters J, Alex M, McDonald C. Effect of mother/infant skin-to-skin contact on postpartum depression symptoms and maternal physiological stress. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs. 2012 May-Jun;41(3):369-82. doi: 10.1111/j.1552-6909.2012.01350.x. Epub 2012 Apr 26.

Callway, Ewen. Scientists swab C-section babies with mothers’ microbes. Nature. February 1, 2016.

Dominguez-Bello, M. G. et al. Nature Med. (2016).

Fink, Jennifer L. W. Why It Pays to Wait for a Full Term Baby Birth. Parents. November 2012.

Kimberly G. Noble, William P. Fifer, Virginia A. Rauh, Yoko Nomura, Howard F. Andrews. Academic Achievement Varies With Gestational Age Among Children Born at Term. Pediatrics Aug 2012, 130 (2) e257-e264; DOI: 10.1542/peds.2011-2157

McGuinness, Devan. What is a ‘Gentle’ C-Section? (And Why You Need to Know About It). Fit Pregnancy.

Moorhead, Joanna. Every bit as magical. The Guardian. December 2, 2005.

Pawlowski, A. ‘Gentle’ C-section turns birth surgery into labor of love. Today. March 13, 2015.

Rabin, Roni. C-Sections Are Best With a Little Labor, a Study Says. New York Times. December 4, 2015.

Whitelocks, Sadie. ‘It felt like a birth not surgery’: The rise of the ‘gentle’ C-sections which allow mothers to breastfeed on the operating table. Daily Mail. July 15, 2013.

WEEK 39

American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. ACOG Committee Opinion No. 340. Mode of term singleton breech delivery. Obstet Gynaecol. 2006;108(1):235-7.
American Pregnancy Association. Breech Births. August 2015.

Boyle A, et al. Primary cesarean delivery in the United States. Obstet Gynecol. 2013 Jul;122(1):33-40. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0b013e3182952242.

Dekker, Rebecca. Friedman’s Curve and Failure to Progress: A Leading Cause of Unplanned C-Sections. Evidence Based Birth. August 28, 2013.

Friedman, E. A. (1955). “Primigravid labor; a graphicostatistical analysis.” Obstet Gynecol 6(6): 567-589.

Holzer, Jessica. A C-Section Doesn’t Have to Be Answer for a Breech Delivery. The Wall Street Journal. June 9, 2014.

Jonas K, Johansson LM, Nissen E, Ejdeback M, Ransjo-Arvidson AB, Uvnas-Moberg K. Effects of intrapartum oxytocin administration and epidural analgesia on the concentration of plasma oxytocin and prolactin, in response to suckling during the second day postpartum. Breastfeed Med. 2009;4(2):71–82.

Margulis, Jennifer. What You Don’t Know About Episiotomies Can Hurt You. New York Times. January 27, 2013.

McCulloch, Sam. Friedman’s Curve – How It’s Used During Labour. Belly Belly. June 29, 2016.

Pearson, Catherine. Episiotomy, Once ‘A Little Snip’ Childbirth Routine, Curbed By New Guidelines. Huffington Post. August 22, 2012.

Reveiz L, Gaitán HG, Cuervo LG. Enemas during labour. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2013, Issue 7. Art. No.: CD000330. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD000330.pub4

Zhang J, Landy HJ, Branch DW, et al. Contemporary Patterns of Spontaneous Labor With Normal Neonatal Outcomes. Obstetrics and gynecology. 2010;116(6):1281-1287. doi:10.1097/AOG.0b013e3181fdef6e.

WEEK 40-42

Boulvain M, Stan CM, Irion O. Membrane sweeping for induction of labour. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2005, Issue 1. Art. No.: CD000451. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD000451.pub2.

Brody, Jane E. “As Cases of Induced Labor Rise, So Do Experts’ Concerns.” New York Times. January 14, 2013.

Brody, Jane E. “Rethinking ‘Term Pregnancy’”. New York Times. November 11, 2013.

Chatfield, J. ACOG issues guidelines on fetal macrosomia. Am Fam Physician. 2001 Jul 1;64(1):169-70.

Declercq ER, Sakala C, Corry MP, Applebaum S, Herrlich A. Listening to Mothers III: Pregnancy and Birth. New York: Childbirth Connection, May 2013.

Dekker, Rebecca. Evidence on Inducing Labor for going past your Due Date. Evidence Based Birth. April 15, 2015.

Dekker, Rebecca. What is the Evidence for Induction or C-section for a Big Baby? Evidence Based Birth. June 8, 2016.

Dove D, Johnson P. Oral evening primrose oil: its effect on length of pregnancy and selected intrapartum outcomes in low-risk nulliparous women. J Nurse Midwifery. 1999 May-Jun;44(3):320-4.

Ehrenthal DB, Jiang X, Strobino, D. Labor Induction and the Risk of a Cesarean Delivery Among Nulliparous Women at Term. Obstetrics & Gynecology: July 2010 – Volume 116 – Issue 1 – pp 35-42. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0b013e3181e10c5c.

Galal M, Symonds I, Murray H, Petraglia F, Smith R. Postterm pregnancy. Facts, Views & Vision in ObGyn. 2012;4(3):175-187.

Gesteland, Katherine et al. A comparison of bishop score, transvaginal ultrasound, and fetal fibronectin in predicting vaginal delivery and time to delivery in women undergoing induction of labor at ≥36 weeks gestation. American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology , Volume 204 , Issue 1 , S128.

Gottesman, Nancy. When Your Due Date Passes: What Comes Next? Fit Pregnancy.

Groskop, Viv. The 40-Week pregnancy myth has popped. The Guardian. August 8, 2013.

Jozwiak, M., 2013, Doctoral Thesis, Leiden University.

Jukic AM, Baird DD, Weinberg CR, McConnaughey DR, Wilcox AJ. Length of human pregnancy and contributors to its natural variation. Human Reproduction (Oxford, England). 2013;28(10):2848-2855. doi:10.1093/humrep/det297.

Kavanagh J, Kelly AJ, Thomas J. Sexual intercourse for cervical ripening and induction of labor. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2001;(2):CD003093.

McCulloch, Sam. Bishop’s Score During Pregnancy – What Is It and How Is It Used? Belly Belly. May 22, 2016.

Moore, Keith. How accurate are ‘due dates’? BBC News. February 3, 2015.

Nonmedically indicated early-term deliveries. Committee Opinion No. 561. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Obstet Gynecol 2013;121:911–5.

O’Callaghan, Tiffany. Too Many C-Sections: Docs Rethink Induced Labor. Time. August 2, 2010.

Sanchez-Ramos, L, Kaunitz, A, Glob. libr. women’s med., (ISSN: 1756-2228) 2009; DOI 10.3843/GLOWM.10130

Sciscione, Anthony. Methods of Cervical Ripening and Labor Induction: Mechanical. Clinical Obstetrics & Gynecology: June 2014 – Volume 57 – Issue 2 – p 369 – 376. Doi: 10.1097?GRF. 0000000000000023.
Speert H. Obstetrics and Gynecology in America: A history. 1980. Baltimore, Waverly Press.
York R. The history of induction. Midwife Health Visit Community Nurse 1984;20:109-116

LABOR PLAYBOOK

Andersson O, Lindquist B, Lindgren M, Stjernqvist K, Domellöf M, Hellström-Westas L. Effect of Delayed Cord Clamping on Neurodevelopment at 4 Years of Age: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Pediatr. 2015;169(7):631-638. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2015.0358.

Downey CL, Bewley S. Historical perspectives on umbilical cord clamping and neonatal transition. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine. 2012;105(8):325-329. doi:10.1258/jrsm.2012.110316.

Edmonds, Patricia. Premature Ligation of the Umbilical Cord. Midwifery Today, Issue 108, Winter 2013.

Sloan, Mark. Common Objections to Delayed Cord Clamping – What’s The Evidence Say? Sense & Sensibility. November 13, 2012.

World Health Organization. Optimal timing of cord clamping for the prevention of iron deficiency anaemia in infants.

POST-BIRTH INTERVENTIONS

A Comprehensive Immunization Strategy to Eliminate Transmission of Hepatitis B Virus Infection in the United States: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). Part I: Immunization of Infants, Children, and Adolescents. (MMWR 2005, Vol. 54, No. RR-16, page 9).

American Academy of Pediatrics. Newborn Male Circumcision. August 27, 2012.

American Academy of Pediatrics. “Report on Committee on Nutrition: Vitamin K Compounds and the Water-Soluble Analogues.” Pediatrics 28: 501-507.

Bell TA, Grayston JT, Krohn MA, Kronmal RA. Randomized trial of silver nitrate, erythromycin, and no eye prophylaxis for the prevention of conjunctivitis among newborns not at risk for gonococcal ophthalmitis. Eye Prophylaxis Study Group. Pediatrics. 1993 Dec;92(6):755-60.

Trends in Circumcision for Male Newborns in U.S. Hospitals: 1979–2010, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. “The CDC found that the U.S. circumcision rate fell from about 63 percent of newborn boys in 1999 to 55 percent in 2010.”

Canadas MP, Darrwich L, Videla S, et al. Circumcision and penile human papillomavirus prevalence in human immunodeficiency virus-infected men: heterosexual and men who have sex with men. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2013 Jul;19(7):611-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2012.03911.x. Epub 2012 Jun 8.

Cornelissen, M., R. von Kries, et al. “Prevention of vitamin K deficiency bleeding: efficacy of different multiple oral dose schedules of vitamin K.” Eur J Pediatr 156(2): 126-130.

Crenshaw J. Care Practice #6: No Separation of Mother and Baby, With Unlimited Opportunities for Breastfeeding. The Journal of Perinatal Education. 2007;16(3):39-43. doi:10.1624/105812407X217147.

Firger, Jessica. Circumcision rates declining in U.S., study says. CBS News. April 2, 2014.

Sir Jonathan Hutchinson quote: http://www.historyofcircumcision.net/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=38&Itemid=0

Dr. Lewis Sayre quote: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3225415/

Circumcision does not affect HIV in U.S. men: study
http://mobile.reuters.com/article/idUSN0345545120071204?irpc=932

Meta-analysis of sexually transmitted infections and male circumcision: https://www.hindawi.com/journals/isrn/2013/109846/

Function of the foreskin: 15. Z. Halata and B. L. Munger, “The Neuroanatomical Basis for the Protopathic Sensibility of the Human Glans Penis,” Brain Research 371 (1986): 205-230.

Greer et al. Improving the vitamin K status of breastfeeding infants with maternal vitamin K supplements. Pediatrics 99(1): 88-92.

Hoath, S. B., Pickens, W. L. and Visscher, M. O. (2006), The biology of vernix caseosa. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 28: 319–333. doi:10.1111/j.1467-2494.2006.00338.x

Mcintosh ED, Bek MD, Cardona M, et al. Horizontal transmission of hepatitis B in a children’s day-care centre: a preventable event. Aust N Z J Public Health 1997; 21(7):791–2.
Newman TB, Wickremasinghe AC, Walsh EM, Grimes BA, McCulloch CE, Kuzniewicz MW. Retrospective Cohort Study of Phototherapy and Childhood Cancer in Northern California.
Pediatrics May 2016, e20151354; DOI: 10.1542/peds.2015-1354.

Park, Alice. Why Circumcision Lowers Risk of HIV. Time. April 17, 2013.

Shapiro CN, McCaig LF, Gensheimer KF, et al. Hepatitis B virus transmission between children in day care. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1989 Dec;8(12):870-5.

Singh G, Archana G. UNRAVELING THE MYSTERY OF VERNIX CASEOSA. Indian Journal of Dermatology. 2008;53(2):54-60. doi:10.4103/0019-5154.41645.

Singh-Grewal D, Macdessi J, Craig J. Circumcision for the prevention of urinary tract infection in boys: a systematic review of randomized trials and observational studies. Arch Dis Child. 2005 Aug;90(8):853-8. Epub 2005 May 12.

Why Do Parents Decline Vitamin K for Their Newborns?. JAMA. 2014;311(4):351. doi:10.1001/jama.2013.285355.

Wickremasinghe AC, Kuzniewicz MW, Grimes BA, McCulloch CE, Newman, TB. Neonatal Phototherapy and Infantile Cancer. Pediatrics May 2016, e20151353; DOI: 10.1542/peds.2015-1353.

BONDING & RECOVERY

American Academy of Pediatrics. “Skin-to-skin contact with baby in neonatal unit decreases maternal stress levels: Already linked to happier, healthier newborns, study finds that snuggling with babies in intensive care eases mothers’ anxiety that can interfere with parent-child bonding.” October 23, 2015.

American Pregnancy Association. Monitoring Your Newborn’s Weight Gain. August 2015.

Bergersen, Linda. Why Are Hospitals Aggressively Pushing Formula on Newborns? AlterNet. June 5, 2014.

Blacke, J. & Gregson, S. (2011). Kangaroo care in pre-term or low birth weight babies in a postnatal ward. British Journal of Midwifery, 19, 9, 568-577.

CDC National Survey of Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care (mPINC). 2009.

Crane, Emily. Revived by the power of love. Daily Mail. March 13, 2015.

Mann, Denise. Omega-3s May Cut Risk of Postparum Depression. WebMD. April 11, 2011.

Neu, M. & Robinson, J. (2010). Maternal holding of preterm infants during the early weeks after birth and dyad interaction at six months. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, & Neonatal Nursing, 39, 401-414; DOI: 10.111/j.1552-6909.2010.01152.x.

Wagner, Meg. Australian mom says cuddling premature baby declared dead brought him to life. New York Daily News. March 13, 2015.